Wilmington's lie (winner of the 2021 pulitzer prize): the murderous coup of 1898 and the rise of white supremacy - david zucchino

From Pulitzer Prize-winner Zucchino comes a searing account of the Wilmingtonriot and coup of 1898, an extraordinary event unknown to most Americans.

WINNER OF THE 2021 PULITZER PRIZE FOR GENERAL NONFICTION From Pulitzer Prize-winner David Zucchino comes a searing account of the Wilmington riot and coup of 1898, an extraordinary event unknown to most Americans.

By the 1890s, Wilmington was North Carolinas largest city and a shining example of a mixed-race community.

It was a bustling port city with a burgeoning African American middle class and a Fusionist government of Republicans and Populists that included black aldermen, police officers and magistrates.

There were successful black-owned businesses and an African American newspaper, The Record.

But across the state--and the South--white supremacist Democrats were working to reverse the advances made by former slaves and their progeny.

In 1898, in response to a speech calling for white men to rise to the defense of Southern womanhood against the supposed threat of black predators, Alexander Manly, the outspoken young Record editor, wrote that some relationships between black men and white women were consensual.

His editorial ignited outrage across the South, with calls to lynch Manly.

But North Carolinas white supremacist Democrats had a different strategy.

They were plotting to take back the state legislature in November by the ballot or bullet or both, and then use the Manly editorial to trigger a race riot to overthrow Wilmingtons multi-racial government.

Led by prominent citizens including Josephus Daniels, publisher of the states largest newspaper, and former Confederate Colonel Alfred Moore Waddell, white supremacists rolled out a carefully orchestrated campaign that included raucous rallies, race-baiting editorials and newspaper cartoons, and sensational, fabricated news stories.

With intimidation and violence, the Democrats suppressed the black vote and stuffed ballot boxes (or threw them out), to win control of the state legislature on November eighth.

Two days later, more than 2,000 heavily armed Red Shirts swarmed through Wilmington, torching the Record office, terrorizing women and children, and shooting at least sixty black men dead in the streets.

The rioters forced city officials to resign at gunpoint and replaced them with mob leaders.

Prominent blacks--and sympathetic whites--wer.